卫生部关于加强直属及双重领导事业单位财务管理工作的试行办法

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卫生部关于加强直属及双重领导事业单位财务管理工作的试行办法

卫生部


卫生部关于加强直属及双重领导事业单位财务管理工作的试行办法

1979年6月22日,卫生部

为了加强部直属及双重领导医疗、教学、科研等事业单位的财务管理工作,提高财务管理水平,充分发挥经济效果,特制订以下试行办法:
一、预算的编制和执行
预算的编制,财务部门应根据下年度的事业计划,参照本年度预算收支情况,组织各业务部门和有关科室共同研究,提出预算草案,经过群众讨论,然后由财务部门负责综合平衡,经领导审核后报部。
各单位附属医院的预算,目前采取的是“全额管理,差额补助”的办法,今后拟逐步实行“全额管理,定额补助,结余留用”的制度。对医疗、教学、科研机构的各项工作,逐步实行“定额”考核。各单位附属的药厂、印刷厂、动物室、洗衣房、照相室、维修室、招待所等单位,凡有条件的,要逐步实行单独的经济核算。
(一)收入部分
1.业务收入:按核定床位、门诊工作量等,根据当地收费标准及有关规定,在科室收入计划的基础上认真核算,打稳打足,力争实现。
2.其他收入:变价收入、废品处理收入、进修费和各种杂项收入,均应根据国家有关规定计算列入。
(二)支出部分
1.人员经费:在没有正式核定人员编制以前,暂按当年年底预计达到人数和经上级批准的下年度人员增减计划数,按平均工资计算,补助工资和职工福利费按国家规定计算列入。
2.人民助学金:按在校实有学生和计划招生数(包括一般学生、进修生、研究生、留学生和中等专业学校学生)根据国家享受人民助学金等有关规定编列。
3.修缮费和零星土建费:应根据需要和可能,认真考虑技术条件、材料来源、施工力量等作好平衡,列入预算。
4.设备购置费:首先要充分利用现有设备,挖掘潜力,大力提倡专管共用的精神,提高使用率。对确需添置的,要考虑周全,尤其是大型和精密贵重仪器设备,要认真考虑技术和安装等条件,以防止积压和浪费。设备购置计划要经财务部门审核后编列预算。
5.公务费、业务费、修缮费、其他费用、差额补助费等,凡当地有定额标准或能够按消耗定额计算的,都应按定额计算,目前没有定额的,要本着实事求是,勤俭节约的精神,编列预算。
(三)预算的报送时间
各单位要在当年八月底以前把下年度预算编好,报部一式二份。
(四)预算的执行
年度预算一经核定就要坚决按照执行。要统筹安排,留有余地。非有特殊情况,不得追加预算。零星土建变更计划时,在京单位须报部同意;京外单位须经当地主管局同意并报部备案。
为加强财务监督,严格财经纪律,认真执行财务预算,保证事业计划的顺利完成,各单位在研究、确定与经费收支有关的问题时,须有财务部门参加。对外签订经济合同或协议等,要经财务部门签章,并交财务部门一份存查,否则,财务部门有权拒绝付款。
二、季度会计报表和决算
季度会计报表是单位在一定时期内资金活动情况的综合反映,对加强预算管理,具有重要作用。要求在每季度终了后十五日内认真汇总报部一份。第四季度可按规定编报决算,不再报送季度会计报表。
决算是反映年度财务计划和事业计划完成情况的年终总结。各单位主管财务的领导同志要组织有关科室就事业计划和财务计划的完成情况、经济效果及存在的问题,进行认真总结,不断提高科学管理水平。
在年终决算以前,必须认真地对往来款项和预算内预算外资金进行认真清理。防止资金转移。编报决算要求做到报送及时、数字准确、内容完整,并有扼要的文字说明。
年度决算应于下年度一月底以前报部一式二份。
三、财产物资的核算和管理
各单位的物资和财务部门要密切配合,共同管好用好各种财产物资。要建立健全各项管理制度。物资部门要建立健全固定资产,库存材料明细帐,定期与财务部门核对帐目,如有不符应及时查明原因进行处理。
(一)固定资产管理:
1.一般设备,单价在二十元以上,使用年限超过一年以上或单价虽不满二十元,但耐用年限在一年以上的成批设备;专业设备单价在一百元以上,使用年限在一年以上的(包括自制加工的),均属固定资产,应列入固定资产帐。物资管理部门应建立财产管理、报损、报废、赔偿等制度,定期清查。
2.固定资产的报废和处理,要经使用单位、管理部门、财务部门会同专业人员、认真审查鉴定。对确实不能使用的固定资产,单价在万元以下的,三级及以下单位报二级单位批准,二级单位报部批准;万元以上的,在京单位报部批准,京外单位报请当地主管局批准并报部备案。需要报废的锅炉,报请地方劳动部门审批。
3.本单位积压或多余的固定资产,应及时报请上级单位研究处理。凡调出统配部管物资及设备单价在万元以上的报部批准;万元以下的设备,三级及以下单位报二级单位批准,二级单位报部批准;并须按照财经制度进行财务处理,办理调拨手续,非经批准,任何部门和个人都不得擅自处理固定资产。
(二)库存材料管理
1.各单位的物资部门对库存材料和低值易耗品,应加强管理,并设置明细帐,定期盘点,并与财务部门进行核对。对于盘盈、盘亏的物资,应查明原因及时处理。
2.库存材料和低值易耗品库存量,要核定合理库存,一般储备三个月左右的用量。物资部门的年度采购计划应经财务部门综合平衡,列入预算,经领导批准后,严格按计划执行。
3.各医疗单位都要认真执行卫生部、财政部《关于改进医疗机构药品管理的通知》的规定,改变目前“以存定销”的办法,并结合本单位的特点,创造出新的经验,要制定各种材料的消耗定额,实行科学管理。
四、建立健全规章制度
(一)根据国务院颁发的《会计人员职权条例》和当地有关规定,结合本单位的具体情况制订实施细则。
各级财务人员,要认真学习马列主义毛泽东思想,学经济、学技术、学管理,不断提高思想政治和业务技术水平,认真履行职责,正确行使国家赋予的权限。
(二)各单位的财务部门,要严格执行国家财经纪律和制度,精打细算,管好用好各项资金,积极组织合理收入,节约一切可以节约的支出。同时要配合物资管理部门,把各种物资管好,认真核定储备定额。要做到有物有帐,帐物相符。充分挖掘潜力,防止积压浪费。
(三)为了加强管理,防止漏洞,各单位所需费用收据(包括门诊挂号证各种收费收据等)均由财务部门统一管理,使用部门要向财务部门办理领用和结报手续。
(四)根据《会计人员职权条例》的规定,各单位都必须单独设置财会机构,配备和充实财会人员。各单位必须加强对财会工作的领导,要从政治上、业务上、生活上关心财会人员,帮助他们解决实际问题。有条件的单位,可以举办短期或业余的财会人员培训班,培养提高干部,以适应工作的要求。
五、奖惩制度
对认真执行财经制度、勤俭节约、修旧利废,改革药品管理和科室核算等,作出优异成绩的单位和个人,应根据国家有关规定给予适当的表扬和奖励;对于违反财经纪律、铺张浪费的,要给予批评和教育,情节严重的要严肃处理。


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浅析影响公诉活动的八类公安侦查缺陷

郭富选、景宝峰、李旺城


公安侦查缺陷是指在公诉案件侦查过程中,侦查人员由于主、客观上的原因,在收集证据、查明案情上存在的失误或遗漏。由于当前公安侦查活动存在的缺陷,造成不少案件因事实、证据问题反复退补,降低了诉讼效率,增加了诉讼成本,更严重的是导致诉讼当事人的合法权益无法得到保护,破坏了司法的公平正义。我们拟从提出影响公诉活动的八类公安侦查缺陷入手,分析其缺陷的成因及纠正对策。
一、公安侦查存在之缺陷
缺陷一:同一侦查人员在同一时间段讯问不同犯罪嫌疑人。
笔者在一案的办理中发现,在公安讯问笔录上竟显示出同一侦查人员在同一时间段内讯问不同的犯罪嫌疑人,其违反了我国《刑事诉讼法》第91条规定[1]。出现此问题的原因有二,一是记录人疏忽大意填错了时间,二是确因人员有限而导致一人在同一时间交替讯问二名犯罪嫌疑人。当这样的证据同时出示时,给人的第一印象就是一名侦查人员办案,造成的后果轻则是法庭上的被动,重则是证据的不被采用,倘若该证据是有罪证据的话,后果就更不堪设想了。
缺陷二:侦查人员应回避而未回避。
笔者曾经办理过一起故意伤害案,该伤害案发生在某派出所内,民警王某正值案发现场,目睹了案发的全过程,具备了担当证人的资格,他本不该再行使对此案的侦查职能,但他后来作为委托人委托某鉴定机关对该案被害人和犯罪嫌疑人作了伤情鉴定,并向其他办案人员提供了证言。其行为违反了《刑事诉讼法》第28条第3项的规定[2],应该回避而未回避。因为证人具有不可替代性,办案人员事前既已了解案情,就有向公安司法机关作证的义务,成为案件的证人。在同一案件中,既作证人又作侦查人员,就容易先入为主,主观臆断,不利于客观全面地收集和分析判断证据,进而影响正确认定案件实事、公正处理案件。
缺陷三:证人担任保证人。
笔者在办理王某交通肇事一案中,经审查发现王某交通肇事后电话通知其外甥高某,并由高某驾车将王某带至交通部门。后来,王某被公安机关决定取保候审,同时准许了由高某担任王某的保证人,其做法违反了《刑事诉讼法》第54条的保证人必须与本案无牵连之规定。我们经审查认为,王某的该行为依法应认定为自首,那么高某就应该以证人的身份向司法机关作证。为此,具有证人身份的高某再担任王某的保证人是欠妥的。
缺陷四:侦查实验程序不合法。
公安机关在办理一起交通肇事案件中为了查明事故双方的责任,进行了侦查实验,但卷里无公安局长批准材料,其行为违反了《刑事诉讼法》第108条规定[3]。虽然侦查实验的结果可能是真实的,但由于没有履行批准程序,承办人将案件退回了公安机关。因为侦查实验是一种再现曾经发生过的侦查手段,为与过去发生过的事情达到最大限度地相同,必须保证侦查实验过程中的程序合法,其中重要的条件之一就是严格履行批准手续。
缺陷五:扣押赃物、赃款不出具正式的扣押清单。
某些公安侦查人员扣押了犯罪嫌疑人的款物后,不仅未出具正式的扣押物品清单,并且卷宗中也无任何反映,甚至于连一张白条也没有,其违反了《刑事诉讼法》第115条之规定[4]。法律如此规定的目的就是加强人民群众对公安机关扣押物品等工作的监督,防止某些侦查人员出现违法乱纪现象。所以扣押与案件有关的物品后,扣押机关必须出具详细、确实、正式的物品清单。
缺陷六:拘留时间延长不合法。
从笔者办案的实践看,凡对犯罪嫌疑人采取逮捕强制措施的案件,均经过了第一次延长,约百分之九十以上的都经过了第二次延长。由于现行有关司法解释均未对《刑事诉讼法》第69条[5]中规定的“特殊情况”予以规定,为此笔者不能确定公安机关的第一次延长是否合法,但对于约百分之九十的第二次延长,笔者认为有相当一部分是欠妥的。例如,有些案件为一人犯罪,犯罪嫌疑人的户籍所在地为北京市且为初犯。对此情况,拘留的羁押期限应该说并不需要延长至30日,但公安机关仍进行了第二次延长,很明显这是不符合我国《刑事诉讼法》规定的。
缺陷七:保证人保证和保证金保证两种方式共用。
我国《刑事诉讼法》第53条规定:人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关决定对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人取保候审,应当责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提出保证人或者缴纳保证金。《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部关于取保候审若干问题的规定》第四条更是明确指出:对同一犯罪嫌疑人、被告人决定取保候审的,不得同时使用保证人和保证金保证。本来由于上述法律和司法解释的明确规定,对同一犯罪嫌疑人来说,人保与钱保是不应该同时出现的,但笔者在办案中还是发现了该现象的存在。
缺陷八:犯罪嫌疑人的量刑材料不能及时送审。
笔者办理的一起盗窃案中,犯罪事实比较清楚、证据也确实充分,但就是仅仅由于缺乏犯罪嫌疑人的前科材料而不能公诉,导致案件二次退补。甚至有些问题还被被告人或其辩护人提出,造成公诉方被动。例如在一起妨害公务案件中,由于侦查机关取证不全面,只调取了有利于一方当事人的证人证言,而未调取有利于另一方当事人的证人证言,而被告人及其代理人在当庭提出此项要求,并要求新的证人出庭,导致庭审的延期审理,给公诉人造成很大被动。
二、导致侦查缺陷的原因
造成侦查机关在侦查过程中存在种种缺陷,主要有以下几个原因:
(一)部分侦查人员的法律素质不高,法律知识储备不足。
上述人保和钱保的共用以及侦查实验不经批准、应回避而不回避、由证人担任保证人的现象,笔者认为形成的主要原因就是有些侦查人员虽然认识到学法懂法的重要性,但知识储备明显不足。知识是素质的基础。侦查人员法律知识的多寡,决定着其有无成熟的法律心理和观念,对法和法律现象有无正确的看法和评价,同时也是能否依法办事的重要条件。多数侦查人员对有关法律法规内容的掌握还是比较准确的。但是有些侦查人员对法律知识的学习不深入,对有些重要问题的理解存在严重的偏差。
(二)部分侦查人员证据意识不强,固定收集证据的能力欠缺。
作为证据的收集和固定者,有些侦查人员证据意识提高明显滞后刑事诉讼发展的要求,突出表现在收集、固定证据的效率和质量难以满足控罪和庭审的需要。新的刑事诉讼法实行无罪推定的原则,注重对人权的保护,强调程序的合法性,对证据的要求很高,侦查机关应转变过去有罪推定的旧观念,改变过去以供求证、先供后证的重视口供的取证模式,突出对其它人证物证等直接证据的收集和固定,力争使每一起案件都形成一个完整的证据链条。上述拘留时间延长不合法的现象就表明了一些侦查人员的证据意识不强。犯罪嫌疑人在被抓获后不如实供述自己的全部罪行,不应该成为公安第二次延长拘留期限的理由。这就要求侦查人员打破以前的办案模式和办案理念,不要过度追求犯罪嫌疑人的口供。相反的,要在其他证据的调查和取得上多下功夫,用事实和其他证据来突破其心里防线,让犯罪嫌疑人主动交代。
(三)现行的公安侦查机关侦查体制不尽合理。
现行公安机关侦审部门合并的侦查体制在一定程度上影响了刑事诉讼。由于侦查部门的考核标准多局限于破案数量和逮捕犯罪嫌疑人的多少,这就使侦查人员常常满足于这两个标准,而对案件质量则考虑较少,办案重心明显倾向于检察机关审查批捕部门,因为其考核机制重点在于捕与不捕,而不在诉与不诉,更不管是否能提交审判,其是否是有罪和罪轻罪重的问题。不少侦查人员存在着只要检察机关批捕了就万事大吉,这样势必使预审业务中继续取证、补证、深挖余罪等诸多问题就变得毫无意义,削弱了打击犯罪的力度和准度。
(四)现行检察机关与侦查机关的定位存在缺陷。
根据刑事诉讼法的规定,侦查、审查起诉和审判分别由公检法三机关负责,但实质上却形成了以侦查为中心的诉讼结构。在这种结构下,检察机关承担着诉讼风险和后果,但却无权指挥侦查活动、影响证据的收集和固定,侦查人员拥有侦查权,收集、固定证据却不直接承受因证据不足而造成的败诉风险和后果。这种权利和责任的错位,必然造成侦查人员的注意力更多地放在破案和抓获犯罪嫌疑人,而对破案后及时、全面地收集、固定犯罪证据缺乏足够的内在动力,尤其是一些侦查人员对检察机关的退补意见往往拖拉、敷衍,甚至抵触、满不在乎。
(五)个别侦查人员维护犯罪嫌疑人权益的责任心不强。
个别侦查人员认为只要案件得以侦破,有证据能证实犯罪即可,而不是注重证据确实、充分,把案件办成铁案。代表国家力量的机关和个体力量的对比差异以及长期的办案经历,使一些侦查人员淡化了维护犯罪嫌疑人权益的意识。他们漠视甚至于毫不关心犯罪嫌疑人的正当权益,为了能“拿下”案件,他们为尽其所能达到自己的目的,从而采用一些非正当的手段、方法。这样对于采用从表面看来只是有“滥用”嫌疑的“延长拘留期限”手段更不足为奇了。
(六)公安机关警力不足。
由于社会分工进一步细化,公安工作也随之做出重大调整和变革,基层民警面临更大的压力。如:企业改制带来的下岗失业、劳资纠纷等不断引发的群体性事件,涉外经济、第三产业的迅猛发展使跨国经济纠纷增多,境内外流动人口的大量增加造成外口管理难度加大,犯罪行为的有组织化、国际化、隐蔽化、高科技化,使公安安全防范管理工作量大增等等。对公安工作而言,所有的具体工作都落在了基层民警身上。而当前我们国家警察的数量与迅速增加的刑事案件是不成比例的,为此警力不足、特别是刑事警察的力量不足,也是导致上述某些问题出现的因素之一,这也是我们必须理解的客观原因。
三、纠正公安侦查缺陷的对策
减少公安侦查缺陷,从而提高案件质量,在现阶段不可能一蹴而就,这既需要公安侦查机关增强证据意识,提高自身素质,也需要检察机关转变工作方式,加强与侦查机关的交流与沟通。笔者认为在实践中可以从以下几方面考虑:
(一)增强侦查人员的证据意识,提高侦查人员的取证能力。
通过开展专门的如何收集、固定证据的法律业务培训和定期观看庭审案例等方式,提高侦查人员以审判为中心的证据意识,通过提高侦查人员的证据意识,增强侦查人员按照庭审的要求收集、固定证据的能力。
(二)开展侦诉换位活动。
如侦诉控辩对抗赛、邀请侦查人员旁听庭审、业务研讨等,进行角色转换,实行换位思考,通过各种形式的交流活动,引导侦查人员从公诉的角度,从符合庭审需要的角度审视侦查活动,对如何收集和固定证据有更为明确的认识,减少侦查活动的盲目性、违法性,提高在侦查活动收集证据时的准确性和合法性。
(三)是建立依法适时介入、公诉引导侦查机制。
建立重、特大案件定期通报,对一些重大、疑难、复杂案件适时介入侦查活动,使整个侦查活动紧紧围绕公诉工作展开,就侦查方向、取证标准、法律适用等问题进行具体指导,提高侦查质量和效率。
(四)建立定期案件审理情况通报制度。
公诉部门与侦查部门定期对移送审查起诉的案件进行座谈,总结成功之处和教训,以便侦查工作的改进。
注释:
[1] 我国《刑事诉讼法》第91条规定,讯问犯罪嫌疑人必须由人民检察院或者公安机关的侦查人员进行。讯问的时候,侦查人员不得少于二人。
[2] 我国《刑事诉讼法》第28条规定:审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员有下列情形之一的,应当自行回避,当事人及其法定代理人也有权要求他们回避。

中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例(附英文)

1986年12月16日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强内河交通安全管理,保障船舶、排筏、设施以及人身和财产的安全,以利社会主义建设事业的发展,特制定本条例。
第二条 本条例适用于在中华人民共和国内河通航水域航行、停泊、作业的一切船舶、排筏、设施和人员,以及船舶、排筏、设施的所有人和经营人(以下简称所有人和经营人)。前款内河通航水域,适用于国境河流中国管辖水域;但是,中国政府同其他国家政府签有协议或者协定的,按照协议或者协定执行。
第三条 各级交通管理部门设置的港航监督机构是对内河交通安全实施统一监督管理的主管机关。

第二章 船舶、排筏、设施和人员
第四条 船舶必须具备下列条件,方准航行:一、经船舶检验部门检验,持有合格的技术证书或者文件;二、经登记持有船舶国籍证书或者船舶登记证书或者船舶执照;三、按国家规定必须投保船舶险的船舶,应当持有保险文书或者证明文件;四、按国家规定配备持有合格职务证书的技术船员、驾长、渡工和其他船员。
第五条 机动船舶的船长、轮机长、驾驶员、轮机员、无线电报务员或者话务员,应当经过考试,持有合格职务证书。非机动船舶的驾长、渡工,应当经过考核,持有合格证件。其他船员应当经过安全教育和专业训练。
第六条 竹木排筏应当配备必要的安全航行设备、救生设备和足以保障安全航行的排工。排工配备标准由林业主管部门规定。排关工应当经过林业部门培训,持有合格证件。游览排筏驾驶人员的管理,由主管机关会同有关部门规定。
第七条 设施应当按国家规定配备安全设备和人员。
第八条 船舶应当按国家规定,向主管机关缴纳船舶港务费。

第三章 所有人和经营人
第九条 所有人和经营人必须遵守本条例和国家有关交通安全的规定。
第十条 所有人或者经营人必须对其所有的或者所经营的船舶、排筏、设施的安全负责,并且应当做到下列各项:一、加强对船舶、排筏、设施的安全技术管理,使之处于适航状态或者保持良好技术状况;二、配备的船员、排工或者人员必须符合国家有关规定,不得任用无合格职务证书或者合格证件的人员担任船长、轮机长、驾驶员、轮机员、报务员、话务员、驾长、渡工和排头工;三、加强对船员、排工和其他人员的技术培训和安全教育,不得强令所属人员违章操作;四、根据船舶的技术性能、船员条件、限定航区和水文气象条件,合理调度船舶;五、接受主管机关的监督检查和管理。

第四章 航行、停泊和作业
第十一条 船舶、排筏、设施在内河航行、停泊和作业,必须遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法规和港航规章。
第十二条 外国籍船舶进出中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶开放的内河港口,必须事先经主管机关批准,并申请指派引航员引航。进出港口和在内河航行期间,必须接受主管机关的检查和监护。
第十三条 中国籍船舶进出内河港口,应当办理船舶进出港签证或者接受检查。
第十四条 船舶进出港口和通过交通管制区、通航密 集区或者航行条件受到限制的区域,必须遵守中华人民共和国交通部或者主管机关公布的特别规定。
第十五条 除主管机关特别许可外,禁止船舶、排筏进入或者穿越禁航区。
第十六条 船舶不得超载运输。严禁不具备载客条件的船舶私自搭客。
第十七条 船舶从事拖带航行,应当遵守拖航的有关规定。
第十八条 船舶应当在核定的航区内航行,所采用的航速应当足以保障自身的安全和不危及其它船舶、排筏、设施的安全。在限制航速的区域内和在汛期高水位期间,应当按照规定的航速行驶。
第十九条 船舶和排筏停泊,不得妨碍其它船舶、排筏的正常航行和危及设施、堤防的安全。除无人驳船外,停泊船舶必须留有足以保证船舶安全的船员值班。
第二十条 在通航河流中人放或者拖运竹木排,应当遵守人放或者拖运竹木排的规定。规定由主管机关会同林业主管部门制定。
第二十一条 船舶、排筏、设施有下列情况之一者,主管机关有权禁止其离港,或者令其停航、停止作业、驶向指定地点:一、违反中华人民共和国的有关法律、法规或者港航规章;二、不适航或者不适拖;三、发生交通事故后手续未清;四、未向主管机关或者有关部门交付应承担的
费用,也未提供适当的担保;五、有妨碍交通安全的情况。
第二十二条 船舶、排筏、设施发生事故,对交通安全造成或者可能造成危害时,主管机关有权采取强制性处置措施。

第五章 危险货物管理
第二十三条 船舶、排筏、设施储存、装卸、运输危险货物,必须遵守国家有关危险货物管理和运输的规定。
第二十四条 船舶在港口装卸危险货物或者载运危险货物进出港口,应当按国家有关规定事先报经当地主管机关核准。

第六章 渡口管理
第二十五条 城市渡口的设置或者迁移,由当地人民政府指定的机关批准,其它渡口的设置或者迁移,由县或者县以上人民政府批准。未经批准,不得擅自设置或者迁移渡口,也不得渡客。
第二十六条 渡口管理部门应当加强对渡口的安全管理,主管机关应当加强对渡口安全管理的监督和指导。

第七章 安全保障
第二十七条 航道管理部门和助航标志管理部门,应当加强对航道和助航标志的管理和养护,保持航道畅通和助航标志明显、有效。
第二十八条 助航标志周围不得建造影响其效能的物体。航道两岸有碍航行安全的强灯光和与助航标志相混淆的灯光,应当妥善遮蔽。
第二十九条 未经主管机关或者航道管理部门批准,任何单位和个人不得擅自移动助航标志。如移动或者损坏助航标志,必须立即报告主管机关或者航道管理部门。
第三十条 使用港区岸线,应当事先附图报港口管理部门批准。在港区岸线构筑设施,应当事先经主管机关审核。
第三十一条 设置禁航区、进行水上水下施工或者体育竞赛,以及其它有碍交通安全的活动,应当事先经主管机关核准并发布航行警告或者航行通告。设置军事禁航区,应当事先与主管机关商定,由主管机关发布航行警告或者航行通告。
第三十二条 交通管制区、锚地和停泊区的划定与调整,必须征得当地人民政府同意后,由主管机关报上级机关批准。
第三十三条 在习惯航道内,禁止设置固定网具和拦河捕捞网具,不得种植水生物。擅自设置网具或者种植水生物的,主管机关应当责令所有人限期清除,或者强制清除。
第三十四条 禁止向航道倾倒砂石和废弃物。
第三十五条 沉没在通航水域的船舶、设施或者有碍航行安全的物体,其所有人或者经营人必须按规定设置标志,并报告主管机关。
第三十六条 对影响航行安全和有潜在危险的沉没物、漂流物,其所有人或者经营人应当在主管机关限定的时间内打捞清除。期不清除的,主管机关有权采取措施强制打捞清除,其全部费用由沉没物、漂流物的所有人或者经营人承担。本条前款的规定不影响沉没物、漂流物的所有人、
经营人向第三方索赔的权利。
第三十七条 未经主管机关批准,不得擅自打捞或者拆除通航水域内的沉船、沉物。
第三十八条 设施的搬迁或者拆除,沉船、沉物的打捞或者清除,水上水下施工的善后处理,均不得留有妨碍航行、停泊和作业安全的物体。
第三十九条 船舶、排筏、设施和人员发现下列情况,应当迅速向主管机关报告:一、航道变迁;二、有碍航行安全的物体;三、航行标志的损坏、失常、移位或者灭失;四、有碍航行安全的其它情况。
第四十条 内河航行警告和航行通告,由主管机关统一发布和管理。

第八章 救 助
第四十一条 船舶、排筏、设施遇险,应当采取一切有效措施组织自救,并迅速将发生事故的时间、地点、受损情况、救助要求、事故原因向就近主管机关及其所有人、经营人报告。
第四十二条 事故现场附近的船舶、排筏、设施或者人员,收到求救信号后,应当全力救助遇险人员,并将救助情况及时报告就近主管机关。
第四十三条 船舶、排筏或设施发生碰撞事故,在不危及自身安全的情况下,应当全力救助,不得擅自离开事故现场。
第四十四条 主管机关接到求救报告后,必须立即组织救助,有关部门和事故现场附近的船舶、排筏、设施和人员,应当服从主管机关的统一指挥。

第九章 交通事故的调查处理
第四十五条 船舶、排筏、设施发生交通事故,应当向主管机关提交事故报告书和有关资料,接受调查处理。竹木排筏的交通事故,由主管机关会同林业主管部门调查处理。
第四十六条 主管机关接到事故报告后,应当组织调查。事故当事人和有关人员在接受主管机关调查时,必须如实提供与事故有关的情况。
第四十七条 交通事故引起的民事纠纷,当事人可以申请主管机关调解,不申请调解或者调解不成的,可以向人民法院起诉。涉外民事案件的当事人,还可以书面协议提交涉外仲裁机构仲裁。

第十章 奖励与处罚
第四十八条 对交通安全作出显著成绩,使人员免遭伤亡或者减少伤亡、财产免遭损失或者减少损失的单位或者个人,由主管机关或者本单位给予表彰或者奖励。
第四十九条 对违反本条例或者对交通事故负有责任者,主管机关可给予下列一种或者几种处罚:一、警告;二、扣留或者吊销证书、证件;三、罚款。
第五十条 当事人对主管机关的处罚不服时,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉;期满不起诉又不履行的,由主管机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第五十一条 违反本条例应当受治安管理处罚的,由公安机关处理;构成刑事犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第十一章 附 则
第五十二条 本条例下列用语的含义是:“内河通航水域”是指中华人民共和国境内的江、河、湖泊、水库、运河内船舶可以航行的水域及其港口。“船舶”是指各类排水或者非排水的船艇和移动式平台。“设施”是指水上、水下各种浮动或者固定的建筑、装置、管道、电缆和固定平台。“作业”是指在通航水域及其岸线进行装卸、勘探、开采、测量、建筑、疏浚、爆破、打捞、救助、捕捞、养殖、潜水以及科学实验和其他水上、水下施工。“交通事故”是指船舶、排筏、设施的碰撞、搁浅、触礁、触损、浪损、风灾、火灾及其它事故。
第五十三条 外国籍船舶进出内河,除遵守本条例外,还应当遵守中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理的有关规定。
第五十四条 军事管辖区及军用船舶和公安船舶的内部管理,由国家有关部门依据本条例另行规定。
第五十五条 渔业船舶的登记、检验,渔业船舶船员的考试、发证,渔业船舶之间交通事故的调查处理等内部管理,由国家渔政渔港监督管理部门会同主管机关依据本条例另行规定。
第五十六条 城市风景园林水域和经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准的厂矿企业专用水域的交通安全管理,由其所属主管部门或者厂矿企业依据本条例另行规定。
第五十七条 本条例由交通部负责解释,施行细则由交通部制定。
第五十八条 本条例自一九八七年一月一日起施行。

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-MINISTRATION OF TRAFFIC SAFETY ON INLAND WATERS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-
MINISTRATION OF TRAFFIC SAFETY ON INLAND WATERS
(Promulgated by the State Council on December 16, 1986)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated to improve the administration of traffic
safety on inland waters, ensure the safety of vessels, rafts,
installations, human lives and property and thus facilitate the
development of socialist construction.
Article 2
These Regulations shall apply to all vessels, rafts, installations and
personnel, and to the owners and operators of vessels, rafts and
installations (hereafter shortened to "owners" and "operators") that
navigate, berth, or operate on the inland navigable waters of the People's
Republic of China.
The inland navigable waters mentioned in the previous paragraph shall also
cover the waters under Chinese jurisdiction in border rivers. However, if
agreements have been concluded between the Chinese government and the
governments of other countries, the agreements shall prevail.
Article 3
The harbour superintendencies set up by the communications departments at
various levels shall be the competent authorities responsible for
exercising the unified supervision and control of traffic safety on inland
waters.

Chapter II Vessels, Rafts, Installations and Personnel
Article 4
Vessels must meet the following requirements before they are allowed to
navigate:
(1) holding technical certificates or documents verified as qualified by
the vessel inspection departments after the inspection whereon;
(2) holding vessel nationality certificates, or vessel registration
certificates or vessel licences;
(3) holding insurance policies or insurance certificates as is required of
vessels which must take out vessel insurance according to the relevant
stipulations of the State;
(4) being manned with, according to the relevant State stipulations, crew
members in charge of technical work, chief crewmen, ferrymen and other
crew members who are holding valid certificates of job qualification.
Article 5
The captains, chief engineers, pilots, engineers and radio and telephone
operators of power-driven vessels shall pass examinations and hold valid
certificates of job qualification.
The chief crewmen and ferrymen of non-motorized vessels shall pass
examinations and hold qualification documents.
All other crew members must go through safety instructions and specialized
technical training.
Article 6
Bamboo and wooden rafts shall be fitted out with necessary equipment for
safe navigation, lifesaving appliance and rafters qualified for safe
navigation. The fixed number of rafters to be provided shall be stipulated
by the competent department in charge of forestry. Chief rafters shall
have received special training by the department in charge of forestry and
hold qualification documents.
The administration of rafters for tourist rafts shall be stipulated by the
competent authorities in conjunction with relevant departments.
Article 7
Installations shall be fitted out with safety equipment and personnel
according to stipulations of the State.
Article 8
Vessels shall, in accordance with stipulations of the State, pay harbour
dues to the competent authorities.

Chapter III Owners and Operators
Article 9
Owners and operators must abide by these Regulations and the stipulations
of the State concerning traffic safety.
Article 10
Owners and operators must be responsible for the safety of the vessels,
rafts and installations they own or operate and shall perform the
following obligations:
(1) administration of vessels, rafts and installations shall be
strengthened in terms of safety and technology to keep them in good shape
for navigation or good technical conditions;
(2) the relevant State stipulations must be accorded with in employing
crew members, rafters or other personnel. It is forbidden to employ
captains, chief engineers, pilots, engineers, radio operators, telephone
operators, chief crewmen, ferrymen and rafters who do not hold valid
certificates of job qualification or qualification documents;
(3) technical training and safety instructions shall be strengthened for
crew members, rafters and other personnel; the employees may not be forced
to operate against regulations;
(4) vessels shall be properly dispatched according to the technical
functions of vessels, the qualifications of crew members, the conditions
of the assigned navigation areas and also the hydrological and
meteorological conditions;
(5) they shall be subject to the supervision, examination and
administration of the competent organs.

Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Article 11
In navigation, berthing and operations, vessels, rafts and installations
must abide by the relevant laws, regulations and other rules and
regulations concerning harbour navigation of the People's Republic of
China.
Article 12
Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving the inland harbours of
the People's Republic of China that are open to foreign vessels must
obtain the approval of the competent authorities and apply to be navigated
by a Chinese pilot in advance. While they are entering and leaving the
harbours or navigating in inland rivers, foreign vessels must be subject
to the examination and supervision of the competent authorities.
Article 13
Vessels of Chinese nationality entering and leaving inland harbours shall
get port entry and departure visas or accept inspection.
Article 14
When entering or leaving the harbours or passing through traffic control
areas, crowded navigable areas and regions with limited navigational
capacities, vessels must observe the special provisions promulgated by the
Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China or the
competent authorities.
Article 15
Except as specially permitted by the competent authorities, vessels and
rafts are prohibited from entering or cutting across restricted navigation
zones.
Article 16
Vessels shall not engage in transportation with overload. Vessels not
equipped for carrying passengers are prohibited from taking on passengers
without permission.
Article 17
Vessels engaged in towing navigation shall observe the relevant
stipulations.
Article 18
Vessels shall navigate in the approved navigation areas at a speed which
is fast enough to ensure their own safety but not so fast as to endanger
the safety of other vessels, rafts and installations. Vessels shall
navigate at the prescribed speed in the areas where speed is restricted
and during periods of high water levels in flood seasons.
Article 19
The berthing of vessels and rafts shall not obstruct other vessels and
rafts from navigating normally or endanger the safety of installations and
dykes. Except for unmanned tug boats, there must be adequate number of
crew members on duty on board the vessels lying at anchor to ensure the
vessels' safety.
Article 20
Manned or towed bamboo and wooden rafts in navigable rivers shall observe
the relevant stipulations formulated by the competent authorities in
conjunction with the competent department in charge of forestry.
Article 21
The competent authorities shall have the right to forbid a vessel, raft or
installation from leaving the harbour, or order it to stop navigation,
cease operations or sail to the designated spot, under any one of the
following circumstances:
(1) it has violated relevant laws, regulations or other rules and
regulations of the People's Republic of China;
(2) it is in a condition not suitable for navigation or towing;
(3) it is involved in a traffic accident and the formalities have not been
completed;
(4) it has not paid the fees that are due, nor has it submitted a suitable
guarantee therefor, to the competent authorities or relevant department;
or
(5) it will in any way jeopardize traffic safety.
Article 22
When vessels, rafts and installations are involved in accidents that
jeopardize or may jeopardize traffic safety, the competent authorities has
the right to handle the matter by adopting compulsory measures.

Chapter V Control of Dangerous Goods
Article 23
When vessels, rafts and installations store, load, unload and transport
dangerous goods, they must abide by the provisions of the State concerning
the control of dangerous goods and their transport.
Article 24
When vessels load and unload dangerous goods at harbours or carry them
into or out of harbours, they shall report to the local competent
authorities for approval in advance according to the relevant provisions
of the State.

Chapter VI Administration of Ferries
Article 25
The setting-up or removal of urban ferries shall be approved by the organs
designated by local people's governments. The setting-up or removal of
other ferries shall be approved by the people's governments at the county
level or above. It is forbidden to set up or remove ferries or ferry
passengers before the approval is obtained.
Article 26
Departments of ferry administration shall strengthen safety control of
ferries. The competent authorities shall strengthen supervision and
direction for this purpose.

Chapter VII Guarantee for Safety
Article 27
Administrative departments for navigation channels and navigational aids
shall strengthen administration and maintenance of navigational channels
and navigational aids, keep channels unblocked and navigational aids
distinct and effective.
Article 28
No objects adversely affecting the efficacy of navigational aids may be
erected around them. Strong lights that hinder navigational safety or any
lights that may mix up with navigational aids on both sides of
navigational lanes, shall be properly screened.
Article 29
Without the approval of the competent authorities or administrative
departments for navigation lanes, no units or individuals may remove
navigational aids. If navigational aids have been removed or damaged, it
must be immediately reported to the competent authorities or
administrative departments for navigational lanes.
Article 30
Applications annexed by illustrations shall be made to the harbour
superintendencies for approval before the coastlines of the harbour areas
may be used. Without the examination and approval of the competent
authorities, no installations may be constructed on the coastlines of the
harbour areas.
Article 31
Approval shall be sought from the competent authorities and navigational
warnings or notices be issued before restricted navigation-zones may be
set up and surface or underwater construction, sports competitions and
other activities affecting traffic safety may be carried out.
Before a restricted military navigation zone is designated, agreement
shall be reached through consultation with the competent authorities,
which shall then issue navigational warnings or notices.
Article 32
The designation and adjustment of traffic control zones, anchorages and
berthing areas must be submitted, with the consent of the local people's
governments, by the competent authorities, to organs at higher levels for
approval.
Article 33
It is forbidden to set up fixed fishing nets and fishing nets cutting
across rivers or to grow water plants in habitual navigational lanes. The
competent authorities shall order the owners of these unauthorized fishing
nets and water plants to eliminate them or have them eliminated by
coercion.
Article 34
It is forbidden to dump gravel and trash into navigational lanes.
Article 35
If vessels, installations or objects which obstruct safe navigation sink
in navigable waters, the owners or operators must set up marks according
to the relevant provisions and report to the competent authorities.
Article 36
Sunken and drifting objects that may affect the safety of navigation and
constitute potential threats shall be gotten away with by the owners or
operators before a deadline set by the competent authorities. If these
objects are not duly cleared away, the competent authorities shall have
the right to take coercive measures to that end, and all the costs thereof
shall be borne by the owners or operators of the sunken or drifting
objects. The provisions of the previous paragraph of this Article shall
not affect the rights of owners and operators of sunken or drifting
objects to demand compensation from third parties.
Article 37
Without the approval of the competent authorities, sunken ships and
objects in the navigable waters may not be salvaged or dismantled.
Article 38
After installations are moved or scrapped, sunken ships and objects
salvaged or cleared away, and the rounding-off work of the surface or
underwater construction handled, no objects may be left to hinder the
safety of navigation, berthing and operations.
Article 39
Vessels, rafts, installations and personnel shall promptly report to the
competent authorities if they discover any of the following situations:
(1) if navigational lanes change;
(2) if there are objects hindering safe navigation;
(3) if navigational aids are damaged or abnormal, moved or lost;
(4) if there is any other situation hindering safe navigation.
Article 40
The competent authorities shall be responsible for uniformly issuing and
administering inland water navigational warnings and navigational notices.

Chapter VIII Assistance and Rescue
Article 41
Vessels, rafts and installations that are in distress shall adopt all
effective measures to organize self-help and promptly report to the
nearest competent authorities as well as their owners or operators the
time and scene of the accident, the extent of damage, the assistance
required and the cause of the accident.
Article 42
Vessels, rafts, installations or personnel in the vicinity of the scene of
an accident that have received distress signals, shall do their best to
rescue the personnel and report promptly to the nearest competent
authorities the situation at the scene.
Article 43
The vessels, rafts and installations involved in a collision shall, under
circumstances where there is no danger to their own safety, do their best
to offer assistance and may not leave the scene of the accident without
authorization.
Article 44
Upon receipt of a report calling for rescue, the competent authorities
must immediately organize a rescue operation. Departments concerned and
vessels, rafts, installations and personnel in the vicinity of the scene
of the accident shall follow the unified directions of the competent
authorities.

Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Article 45
Vessels, rafts and installations involved in traffic accidents shall
present accident reports and related materials to the competent
authorities and subject themselves to investigations and handling of the
matter.
Traffic accidents involving bamboo and wooden rafts shall be investigated
and handled by the competent authorities in conjunction with the
departments in charge of forestry.
Article 46
The competent authorities shall, upon receipt of accident reports,
organize investigations. The parties involved in the accidents and persons
concerned must, during investigation by the competent authorities, provide
truthful information relating to the accidents.
Article 47
If a traffic accident gives rise to a civil dispute, the parties involved
may apply to the competent authorities for conciliation. If the parties do
not apply for conciliation or conciliation is not successful, they may
bring a suit before the people's court. Parties to a case involving
foreign interests may also, based on a written agreement, submit the case
to an arbitration institution concerning foreign related matters for
arbitration.

Chapter X Awards and Penalties
Article 48
Those units or individuals that have done remarkably in ensuring traffic
safety by preventing or reducing personnel casualties and by preventing or
reducing property losses shall be commended or awarded by the competent
authorities or by their units.
Article 49
With respect to the persons who have violated the provisions of these
Regulations or who are held liable for traffic accidents, the competent
authorities may impose one or a number of the following penalties:
(1) a warning;
(2) withholding or revoking the licences or certificates;
(3) a fine.
Article 50
If a party does not accept the penalty (penalties) imposed by the
competent authorities, he may within 15 days from the date of receiving
the notice of the penalty (penalties), bring a suit before the people's
court; failure to bring a suit or comply with the penalty (penalties)
within this period shall lead to petition by the competent authorities to
the people's court for compulsory enforcement.
Article 51
Those punishable according to the relevant provisions concerning public
security administration for violations of these Regulations shall be dealt
with by public security organs; as for those criminally liable, the
judicial organs shall in accordance with the law pursue their criminal
liabilities.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions
Article 52
The following terms as used in these Regulations are defined as follows:
"Inland navigable waters" refers to the navigable waters in the rivers,
lakes, reservoirs and canals as well as harbours within the People's
Republic of China. "Vessels" refers to all types of displacement or non-
displacement ships, boats and mobile platforms.
"Installations" refers to all types of structures, installations,
pipelines and electric cables, on the surface or underwater, fixed or
floating, and fixed platforms as well. "Operations" refers to loading and
unloading, exploration, exploitation, survey, construction, dredging,
demolition, salvage, rescue, fishing, aquatic breeding, diving, scientific
experimentation and other surface or underwater construction carried out
in navigable waters and their shorelines.
"Traffic accidents" refers to collision, running aground, running on
rocks, damage through contact, damage by waves, windstorm, fire and other
accidents happening to vessels, rafts and installations.
Article 53
Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving the inland rivers
shall observe, in addition to these Regulations, the relevant provisions
of the People's Republic of China concerning administration of vessels of
foreign nationality.
Article 54
The internal administration of zones under military control and military
vessels as well as public security vessels shall be separately prescribed
by the relevant departments of the State according to these Regulations.
Article 55
The internal administration such as registration and inspection of fishing
vessels, examination and issuing of certificates for crew members of
fishing vessels and investigation and handling of traffic accidents among
fishing vessels shall be separately prescribed according to these
Regulations by the State fisheries administration and fishing ports
superintendency departments in conjunction with the competent authorities.
Article 56
The traffic safety control of the waters at urban scenic spots and gardens
and of the waters exclusively used by factories, mines and other
enterprises as approved by the people's governments of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government shall be separately prescribed according to these Regulations
by the competent departments or the factories, mines and enterprises
concerned.
Article 57
These Regulations shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Communications,
which shall also formulate the rules for the implementation.
Article 58
These Regulations shall become effective as of January 1, 1987.